Gas bubbles or surface foam can develop during pickle fermentation. Foam does not establish that the product is safe; distinguish actively fermenting pickles from prepared or canned products that later develop gas.
What to do. Follow a tested recipe's instructions for the vessel, gas release, headspace, temperature, and monitoring. Keep vegetables submerged. If the recipe calls for removing surface foam, use a clean utensil; removing foam does not correct unsuitable salt/acidity or spoilage.
When to discard. Discard pickles that become soft, slimy, or unpleasant-smelling. Do not regard mold or an unidentified surface film as harmless foam, and do not taste it. Cloudiness alone proves neither spoilage nor safety. Do not use commercial or canned products in swollen or leaking containers.
Storage. Do not arbitrarily increase temperature to speed fermentation. Once fermentation is complete, follow the recipe's refrigeration or appropriate canning process. Closing a lid alone does not make it shelf-stable.
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